Ninety-five Theses

Ninety-five Theses is one of the most influential documents in Western history and a foundational text of the Protestant Reformation. Written by Martin Luther in 1517, this collection of ninety-five propositions challenged certain practices and teachings of the medieval Church, particularly the sale of indulgences, and called for sincere repentance, spiritual renewal, and theological debate. Rather than seeking to create a new religious movement, Luther initially intended to encourage scholarly discussion about the nature of faith, forgiveness, and the authority of Scripture. However, the widespread circulation of the Ninety-five Theses sparked a profound religious, cultural, and political transformation that reshaped Europe and left a lasting impact on Christianity and the modern world.